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Heart Attack ACS and MI: Coronary Artery bypass grafting or CABG

 ACS and MI - Heart Attack

Acute Coronary Syndrome or ACS is a set of one or more conditions that caused the blockage of blood flow to the heart. Muscles resulting in a Myocardial Infarction or MI. 

The Heart

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood containing oxygen and Nutrients to the rest of the body. 

The left ventricle is the main pumping chamber of the heart and contracts to send oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the Aorta. Several smaller arteries known as Coronary Arteries are connected to the Aorta and supply the muscles of the heart with the necessary oxygen and nutrients in acute coronary syndrome. 

Atherosclerosis

There is a blockage in the blood flow through the Coronary Arteries usually due to an Ethera Sclerotic Plaque a Coronary Artery Spasm or a Coronary Artery Dissection in Atherosclerosis.

The continued deposition of a fatty plaque results in the narrowing of the involved coronary artery rupture of this plaque. Results in the formation of a blood clot. Thereby causing a blockage of the involved Coronary Artery. 

Coronary Artery Spasm

The formation of a blood clot is the most common cause of a Coronary Artery blockage other less common causes of coronary artery blockage include a Coronary Artery Spasm, which is triggered by drugs smoking cold weather or extreme stress resulting in a sudden tightening of the Coronary Artery or a Coronary artery Dissection. 

Myocardial Infarction

In which, the inside wall of the Coronary Artery separates resulting in a blockage to the blood flow; such a blockage to either of the Coronary Arteries results in oxygen and nutrients failing to reach the part of the heart supplied by it causing the death of the heart muscle a condition known as Myocardial Infarction Symptoms of a blocked Coronary Artery, include sudden pain or discomfort tightening or a burning sensation in the chest known as Angina which may extend to the upper abdomen shoulders arms neck or lower jaw angina occurring at rest or as multiple episodes preventing even moderate physical activity is known as Unstable Angina. And has commonly observed in acute Coronary Syndrome. 

Other symptoms of acute Coronary Syndrome include one breathlessness - dizziness, sweating and Nausea.

Three sweating for Nausea treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome or an MI usually involves at the following:

One - Oxygen Therapy to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the blood and 

- Heart two Aspirin or Anti platelet Therapy to prevent blood clots. Third is Thrombolytic Therapy such as TPA or streptokinase to break up existing blood clots for Nitroglycerin

- Morphine to relax the Coronary Arteries and relieve the pain.

Another one is to Blockers which reduce the heart rate thereby decreasing the oxygen requirement.

 - Coronary Angioplasty an interventional procedure in which a balloon tipped Catheter is inflated inside a blocked Coronary Artery to open it with a stent a remaining behind to keep the Coronary Artery Patent. Seven one Coronary Artery bypass grafting or CABG pronounced as a Cabbage a Surgical Procedure, in which the blocked Coronary Artery is bypassed with a wayne or artificial graft material, in order to Re-Establish blood flow to the Heart.
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